Hybrid Similarity Search (HSS) Algorithm for Chemistry Searching

Tags

Cheminformatics, chemistry, chemistry tools, Chemometrics

Hybrid Similarity Search (HSS) Algorithm for Chemistry Searching for Fentanyl-related compounds and other drugs.
Free version: https://www.mswil.com/images/NIST/NIST17/GCMS-Hybrid-Search-AnalChem-2017.pdf

This is a news from NIST back in March (https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2018/03/free-software-can-help-spot-new-forms-fentanyl-and-other-illegal-drugs ) and found with the NIST RSS channel of the Chemical Substances Miner http://www.minerazzi.com/chemsubstances/spp.php

It is a nice example of Information Retrieval applied to Chemistry. They used a modified cosine similarity function. I see possible applications to topic analysis.

Original Source:
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03320
Anal. Chem., 2017, 89 (24), pp 13261–13268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03320

Abstract:
“A mass spectral library search algorithm that identifies compounds that differ from library compounds by a single “inert” structural component is described. This algorithm, the Hybrid Similarity Search, generates a similarity score based on matching both fragment ions and neutral losses. It employs the parameter DeltaMass, defined as the mass difference between query and library compounds, to shift neutral loss peaks in the library spectrum to match corresponding neutral loss peaks in the query spectrum. When the spectra being compared differ by a single structural feature, these matching neutral loss peaks should contain that structural feature. This method extends the scope of the library to include spectra of “nearest-neighbor” compounds that differ from library compounds by a single chemical moiety. Additionally, determination of the structural origin of the shifted peaks can aid in the determination of the chemical structure and fragmentation mechanism of the query compound. A variety of examples are presented, including the identification of designer drugs and chemical derivatives not present in the library.”

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Acid-Base Systems Tool

Tags

chemical mining, chemistry, chemistry mining, chemistry tools

This is a new tool, available now at

http://www.minerazzi.com/tools/acid-base-systems/calculator.php

The tool replaces a previous one (removed from the web) where only simple acid-base solutions were considered.

The current one is not limited to the analysis of one solution or to acid-base titrations. Actually the tool also supports pH calculations of systems not undergoing titrations.

This is a great tool for real world applications like pH calculations from natural acid-base systems where a sample might consist of multiple acids mixed with several bases and/or their salts.

Examples of such systems are bio-samples (blood, saliva…) as well as geo-samples (sea and river water) and urban samples (sewage, wastewater,..).

This new tool is based on a general equation for acid-base systems that is solved using a residual analysis algorithm, avoiding the need for using inversion techniques, successive approximations, Newton-Raphson method, or the evaluation of derivatives or high-degree polynomials.

Activity Coefficient Models Calculator

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activity coefficient models, activity coefficients, chemical mining, chemistry, chemistry calculators, chemistry tools, computational chemists, electrochemistry

This is a new tool available at

http://www.minerazzi.com/tools/activity-coefficients/calculator.php

If you are into chemical data mining, this post might interest you.

This new Minerazzi tool easily solves activity coefficient models for a missing term.

Thus the tool allows you to cross-map activity coefficients to ionic strengths and vice versa using the following models:

Debye-Hückel Limiting Law

Debye-Hückel Extended Limiting Law

Güntelberg

Davis

Truesdell-Jones

The tool , written in PHP, was inspired in the WATEQF program originally written in FORTRAN (https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0331/ML033170395.pdf).

Recent versions of that program are available for download from the U.S. Geological Survey site at https://wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/projects/GWC_chemtherm/software.htm

Chemistry researchers, teachers and students can benefit from this tool, which is part of an ongoing effort of making available online scientific research tools across different disciplines.

04-05-2017 Update: Additional content and literature references added.

Physiology and Chemistry Tools

Tags

chemistry, chemistry tools, Physiology, physiology tools, tools

Recent available tools relevant to physiology and chemistry, with some interesting exercises.

Body Mass Index (BMI)
http://www.minerazzi.com/tools/body-mass-index/calculator.php

Corpulence Index (CI)
http://www.minerazzi.com/tools/corpulence-index/calculator.php

Membrane Potentials
http://www.minerazzi.com/tools/membrane-potentials/calculator.php

Cell Electrode Potentials
http://www.minerazzi.com/tools/cell-electrode-potentials/calculator.php

Standard Electrode Potentials
http://www.minerazzi.com/tools/standard-electrode-potentials/calculator.php

A Cross-Mapping Tool for Standard Electrode Potential Calculations

Tags

chemistry, chemistry tools, chemistry tutorials, electrochemistry

This is a cross-mapping tool for the analysis and manipulation of scientific data in an interactive fashion. Its design pattern will be used to build new upcoming tools across several and dissimilar disciplines.

The tool is available at

http://www.minerazzi.com/tools/standard-electrode-potentials/calculator.php

The tool easily solves the Standard Electrode Potential equation for a missing term. That is, given all but one of the experimental terms, the tool solves for the missing one.

There is no doubt that cross-mapping variables from a single tool set up is more engaging than single-mapping them: A great instructive tool for students and teachers alike.

Enjoy it.

Reagent Solutions Maker

Tags

chemistry, chemistry calculators, chemistry tools

The Reagent Solutions Maker is a new tool available now in the Tools section of Minerazzi at

http://www.minerazzi.com/tools/reagent-solutions/maker.php

The tool is not really relevant to information retrieval, but the algorithm that runs behind it describes a useful pattern applicable to many fields and disciplines, including IR.

Anyway, the tool is aimed at solving the following problem.

An undiluted reagent solution is typically prepared by dissolving an amount of solid reagent in a solvent, usually water. Additional solvent is then added to bring the solution up to a specific volume.

With the reagent formula weight the solution concentration can be expressed in moles per liter, after proper unit conversions. A set of undiluted solutions at specific concentration intervals can be prepared in this way, but the calculations can be tedious. This tool was developed to simplify all these calculations.

The tool computes the amount of solid reagent needed to prepare n number of undiluted solutions at specific concentration intervals, ∆C, and up to a maximum concentration level, C, and volume, V, where C > ∆C > 0.

Notice that the set of solutions to be prepared, n, is not known in advance.

Chemical Substances Miner

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chemical databases, chemistry, Chemistry Exams, chemistry journals, chemistry miner, chemistry tools, chemistry tutorials

This is a new miner available at

http://www.minerazzi.com/chemsubstances/

Find elements, compounds, ions, and alloys by names, symbols, formulas, & uses. Find information about elements of the Periodic Table. Includes NIST data.

We want to take this opportunity to mention of the following updates:

Hundreds of new records pointing to NIST chemical databases have been added to the Chemical Databases miner available at

http://www.minerazzi.com/chemdbs

Hundreds of new records pointing to Spanish exams have been added to the Chemistry Exams miner available at

http://www.minerazzi.com/chemexams

However, many. (though not all) of these spanish records are pdf files from Spain with no index keywords, so to find them just query the name of the country or a given region. I know, this is a bit odd. You may also try searching for something like química, exámen and so forth with(out) punctuation.

In addition, more records have been added to the following chemistry miners:

http://www.minerazzi.com/chem
http://www.minerazzi.com/chemsoft
http://www.minerazzi.com/chemjs

As Chemistry is a broad topic, expect additional updates to the above or new miners. Who knows? We may eventually need to place them all in a separate host.

Have a great chemistry day! 🙂

Chemistry Exams Miner

Tags

chemistry, Chemistry Exams, Chemistry Exams Miner, chemistry miner, chemistry tools

This is a new miner, available at

http://www.minerazzi.com/chemexams

Find chemistry exams, practice tests, assessment studies, & more.

Great for chemistry teachers and their students.

Use it to find practice tests with(out) answers, standardized tests, and course-specific exams, or build chemistry exams curated collections. Whether you are taking analytical, organic, physical, or general chemistry, this miner is for you.

Litmus test yourself!

Updates to Chemistry Tools

Tags

chemistry tools, minerazzi, periodic table

Electron Configurations Tool

Now you can retrieve electron configurations with the tool at
http://www.minerazzi.com/tools/electron/configurations.php
by submitting an element chemical symbol, name, or atomic number.

Janet Left Step Periodic Table Tool

Now you can use the tool at
http://www.minerazzi.com/tools/janet/left-step-pt.php
to retrieve atomic numbers and symbols, inclusive of unknown elements (up to Z = 220); i.e., we found a way to transliterate atomic numbers to symbols.

The upper bound of 220 was adopted just to avoid screen display distortions.